Themes Topics Paper Split Cross-Topic Difficulty Grade Boundaries Predicted Papers
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IB Chemistry SL Past Paper Analysis — New 2025 Syllabus

Marks-weighted analysis of 191 questions across 525 marks from 15 IB Chemistry SL papers. The headline finding: 69.3% of all marks come from questions tagged with two or more distinct syllabus topics — the redesigned Structure-and-Reactivity course rewards students who connect ideas, not those who revise them in isolation.

New syllabus only — and only the real sittings. This page covers exclusively the redesigned 2025 IB Chemistry course, and within it only the May 2025 and November 2025 exams — the first two sittings of the new syllabus. No specimen paper is included, and no pre-2025 paper is included: the syllabus and paper structure changed, so older papers no longer map to what is examined today.
★ Featured Cross-Topic Synthesis — why the new Chemistry papers punish gaps See Why
15
Papers Analysed
191
Questions Analysed
525
Total Marks
2
New-Syllabus Sittings
New-syllabus scope: Because the IB Chemistry course was redesigned for first examination in 2025, this analysis uses only papers written for the new syllabus — and only the two sittings that have actually been examined, May 2025 and November 2025. There is no specimen paper in this dataset. Pre-2025 papers are excluded entirely; the old syllabus tested a different set of topics under a different paper structure, so mixing it in would distort every weighting on this page.
Methodology: Every question across 15 IB Chemistry SL papers has been read and tagged. Marks are allocated to the six syllabus themesStructure 1–3 and Reactivity 1–3 — and their sub-topics. When a single question spans several topics, its marks are split among the relevant tags so that nothing is double-counted — which is also how we measure the cross-topic story below.
SL paper structure (2025 syllabus): Paper 1A — multiple choice. Paper 1B — data-based / experimental questions. Paper 2 — extended response. There is no Paper 3, and SL is examined only on the core: every HL-only item (Born–Haber cycles, Gibbs energy and entropy, rate laws, buffers and titration-curve calculations, cell potentials, SN1/SN2 detail) is outside the SL course and outside this analysis.

Theme Weightage — Structure (S1–S3) and Reactivity (R1–R3)

Share of total marks across the six IB Chemistry themes. Structure 1 (models of particulate matter) and Reactivity 3 (mechanisms of chemical change) are effectively tied at the top — together they take just over half of every exam.

Marks Share by Theme

Theme Ranking

S1 leads at 25.9% and R3 sits right behind at 25.0% — a gap of fewer than five marks across the whole dataset. Below them the marks thin out fast, but even the smallest theme (R1, 8.5%) is worth roughly 45 marks: nothing here is safe to skip.

What IB Actually Tests — Sub-Topic Breakdown

All 21 examined sub-topics ranked by % of total marks, colour-coded by theme (cool = Structure, warm = Reactivity). This is the chart that matters most for revision planning: the top five sub-topics alone carry half the marks.

The mole and stoichiometry (S1.4) is the single biggest sub-topic at 13.9% — and it is quietly load-bearing everywhere else, because a redox, equilibrium or enthalpy question usually opens with a calculation before it gets to the chemistry.

Where Each Theme Lives — Paper 1A / 1B / 2

Marks per theme split across the three papers. Paper 2 carries the heaviest load in every theme — and, as the next section shows, that is where the topics get fused together.

Paper 1A = multiple choice · Paper 1B = data-based / experimental · Paper 2 = extended response. Values are marks attributed to each theme after multi-topic questions are split among their tags. Note how lopsided Paper 1B is: 53.8 of its marks land in Structure 1, and 44.3 of those come from the mole and stoichiometry alone — the data paper is, in practice, a quantitative-chemistry paper.

★ The Big Story

Cross-Topic Synthesis: why the new Chemistry papers punish gaps

The redesigned 2025 exams were built to blend Structure and Reactivity inside a single question. A Paper 2 part now routinely runs from a mole calculation into a redox half-equation, from bonding and shape into intermolecular forces and boiling points, from a functional group into a mechanism and then into atom economy — all in one train of reasoning. Revising each topic in a silo is no longer enough: more than two-thirds of all marks sit in questions that draw on two or more distinct syllabus topics.

69.3%
of all marks sit in questions tagged with 2+ distinct syllabus topics (77 of 191 questions, 40.3%) — the single biggest structural fact about the new Chemistry papers.
92.3%
of Paper 2 questions are multi-topic — 24 of 26 — and they carry 96.8% of all Paper-2 marks. Paper 2 is a multi-topic paper, almost without exception.
64
questions span 2+ different themes in one question — not neighbouring sub-topics, but Structure reasoning wired straight into Reactivity reasoning.

How we count this. "Multi-topic" is not a subjective judgement about how synthesis-like a question feels. It means exactly one thing: the question is tagged against two or more distinct syllabus topics in Photon Academy's own per-question tagging of every paper. "Cross-theme" is the stricter subset of those — the tagged topics come from two or more different themes (Structure vs Reactivity) — so every cross-theme question is also a multi-topic question.

Most common theme pairings in a single question
Themes fusedTimes seenWhat that means in a question
R3 + S1 Mechanisms of change + Particulate matter13Redox, acid–base or organic mechanism work that first demands moles, concentration, electron configuration or a balanced equation before the chemistry can start.
R2 + S1 How much / fast / far + Particulate matter11Yield, limiting reactant, rate or equilibrium questions built on top of stoichiometry and gas-law or concentration calculations.
R3 + S3 Mechanisms of change + Classification of matter11Organic mechanisms tied to functional groups, naming and isomerism, or periodic trends driving acid–base and redox behaviour.
S2 + S3 Bonding & structure + Classification of matter9Lewis structures, shape and polarity used to explain periodic trends, organic families and the physical properties that follow from them.
S1 + S2 Particulate matter + Bonding & structure9Electron configuration and ionization data feeding into ionic-versus-covalent character, VSEPR geometry and intermolecular forces.
R3 + S2 Mechanisms of change + Bonding & structure9Bond polarity and structure used to predict where a nucleophile attacks, how a radical forms, or why one acid is stronger than another.
Hardest mixed-concept questions we've seen in the new papers
N25 TZ1

Strong versus weak acid pH and conjugate pairs, then oxidation states, then functional groups and isomerism, then catalysis, then free-radical substitution, then bond enthalpy against a Hess cycle — closing on atom economy.

R3 MechanismsS3 ClassificationR2 How much / fast / farR1 What drives reactions
M25 TZ1

Catalysis and activation energy, then constructing an oxidation half-equation and combining it into the overall redox equation, then ionic versus covalent bonding, then the Lewis formula and VSEPR geometry of the nitrate ion.

R2 How much / fast / farR3 MechanismsS2 Bonding & structure
M25 TZ1

Identifying an addition-polymer monomer and its polymer properties, then naming and isomerism, then oxidation and reduction of an aldehyde, then electrophilic addition of bromine, then a London-forces boiling-point trend, then enthalpy from bond enthalpies.

S2 Bonding & structureS3 ClassificationR3 MechanismsR1 What drives reactions
M25 TZ3

IUPAC naming and isomerism, then percentage by mass, then a curly-arrow nucleophilic substitution mechanism, then homolytic versus heterolytic fission, then collision theory.

S3 ClassificationS1 Particulate matterR3 MechanismsR2 How much / fast / far
M25 TZ3

Electron configuration, then Lewis structure, VSEPR and polarity, then a balanced equation with state symbols, then oxidation states, then acid attack on a carbonate, then hydrogen bonding — ending on covalent-network versus polymer melting points.

S1 Particulate matterS2 Bonding & structureR3 MechanismsS3 Classification
N25 TZ3

Yield and atom economy, then an energy profile with and without a catalyst, then Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions and activation energy, then Le Châtelier, then addition polymerization, then functional groups and oxidation, then a weak-acid titration curve.

R2 How much / fast / farR3 MechanismsS3 ClassificationS2 Bonding & structure
M25 TZ2

Relative atomic mass from isotopic abundance, then ionization energy and shielding, then ionic versus covalent bonding, then neutralization stoichiometry, then amphoterism, then redox displacement and the reactivity series.

S1 Particulate matterS2 Bonding & structureR3 MechanismsS3 Classification
N25 TZ1

An ionization-energy trend read across a period, then the periodicity that explains it, then the acid–base character of the corresponding oxides — periodic-table reasoning carried all the way into reaction behaviour.

S1 Particulate matterS3 ClassificationR3 Mechanisms

How to prepare for a synthesis exam

  • Practise connections, not just topics. Build the reflex of asking "what does this feed into next?" — a mole calculation feeds a redox half-equation; a Lewis structure feeds polarity, which feeds a boiling-point trend; a functional group feeds a mechanism, which feeds atom economy.
  • Make stoichiometry automatic. S1.4 is 13.9% of all marks on its own and it opens the majority of multi-topic questions. If moles cost you thinking time, every cross-topic question costs you twice.
  • Drill full Paper 2 questions. With 92.3% of Paper-2 questions multi-topic and 96.8% of its marks inside them, timed extended-response practice is the single highest-value activity available to an SL student.
  • Master the recurring pairings. R3+S1, R2+S1 and R3+S3 are the three links the examiners keep returning to — rehearse those explicitly rather than hoping they turn up.
  • Get tutor-led linking. A tutor who reads the whole question with you turns "I knew the chemistry but couldn't see how it fit together" into marks — see Photon's IB Chemistry tuition.

Difficulty Spread of Every Question

How the 191 questions break down by accessibility. Most of the paper is genuinely attemptable — but the multi-topic questions above are where the "hard" band clusters.

Question Difficulty (all 191)

What the spread tells you

Accessible · 68 Qs

35.6% are entry points

Over a third of questions are accessible marks — recall, a single substitution, reading a value off a table or graph. These are non-negotiable and should be banked in full.

Medium · 102 Qs

53.4% are the bulk

The core of every paper. Two- and three-step reasoning within a topic — reliable marks for students who have drilled past papers.

Hard · 21 Qs

11.0% separate the 7s

The demanding band, dominated by the cross-topic synthesis questions above. This is exactly where connecting Structure to Reactivity earns the grade.

IB Grade Boundaries — Chemistry SL

Official grade boundaries for the new 2025 Chemistry syllabus.

Coming soon

Grade boundary data is being collected

With only two new-syllabus sittings (May 2025 and November 2025) so far, we are gathering the official IB grade boundary documents before publishing a table. We will not print estimated or fabricated numbers here — as soon as verified boundaries are available for the redesigned Chemistry SL course, they will appear in this section.

Photon Chemistry SL Predicted Papers

Full IB-style predicted papers for the new Chemistry SL syllabus are in development — modelled directly on the cross-topic patterns you see above.

In development

Predicted Chemistry SL papers are on the way

Because the syllabus is new, we are writing Chemistry SL predicted papers from scratch — Paper 1A, 1B and 2 in exam style, deliberately built around the Structure-into-Reactivity synthesis that defines the redesigned course. They are not published yet. In the meantime, our tutors work through real new-syllabus questions with students and drill the exact theme pairings that carry the marks.

Struggling to connect the topics?

Photon Academy's IB Chemistry tutors specialise in the new 2025 syllabus — drilling the exact cross-topic questions that decide SL grades. Book a trial and see the synthesis approach in action.

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